Ngomnyaka we-1880, umqambi waseMelika u-Edison wenza ijenereyitha enkulu ye-DC ebizwa ngokuba yi "Colossus", eyaboniswa kwi-Paris Exposition ngo-1881.
Edison uyise ngqo langoku
Ngelo xesha, uphuhliso lwemoto yombane luyaqhubeka.Ijenereyitha kunye nenjini yimisebenzi emibini eyahlukeneyo yomatshini omnye.Ukuyisebenzisa njengesixhobo semveliso yangoku yijenereyitha, kwaye ukuyisebenzisa njengesixhobo sokubonelela ngombane yinjini.
Lo mgaqo oguqulwayo womatshini wombane ubonakaliswe ngengozi kwi-1873. Kumboniso wezoshishino eVienna kulo nyaka, umsebenzi wenza iphutha waza wadibanisa ucingo kwi-generator ye-Gram esebenzayo.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-rotor yejeneretha yatshintsha indlela kwaye ngokukhawuleza yaya kwelinye icala.Isalathiso siyajika sibe yinjini.Ukusukela ngoko, abantu baye baqonda ukuba i-DC motor inokusetyenziswa njengejenereyitha kunye nento enokuphinda iguqulwe yemoto.Oku kufunyaniswa kungalindelekanga kube nempembelelo enkulu kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwemoto.
Ngophuhliso lokuveliswa kombane kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubonelela ngombane, uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweenjini nazo ziya zigqibelele ngakumbi.Ngeminyaka yoo-1890, iinjini ze-DC zazinazo zonke iimpawu eziphambili zeenjini zale mihla ze-DC.Nangona imoto ye-DC isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye ivelise inzuzo enkulu yezoqoqosho kwisicelo, iintsilelo zayo zithintela uphuhliso lwayo olongezelelweyo.Oko kukuthi, ayikwazi ukusombulula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla omgama omde, kwaye ayinako ukusombulula ingxaki yokuguqulwa kwe-voltage, ngoko ke ii-AC motors ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngeli xesha, ii-motor zesigaba ezibini kunye neenjini zesigaba sesithathu zaphuma enye emva kwenye.Ngomnyaka we-1885, ingcali yefiziksi yase-Italiya uGalileo Ferraris yacebisa umgaqo wokujikeleza kwemagneti kwaye yaphuhlisa imodeli yemoto enezigaba ezibini.Ngo-1886, u-Nikola Tesla, owafudukela e-United States, naye wavelisa ngokuzimeleyo i-motor asynchronous motor.Ngo-1888, injineli yombane yaseRashiya uDolivo Dobrovolsky wenza isigaba sesithathu se-AC enye yekheji ye-squirrel motor asynchronous motor.Uphando kunye nophuhliso lweenjini ze-AC, ngokukodwa uphuhliso oluyimpumelelo lwee-motor ze-AC zesigaba sesithathu, ludale iimeko zokuhanjiswa kwamandla okude, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuphuculwe iteknoloji yombane ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.
UTesla, utata wokutshintshana ngoku
Malunga ne-1880, i-Ferranti yaseBritani yaphucula i-alternator kwaye yacebisa ingqikelelo yokudluliselwa kwe-AC ephezulu.Ngo-1882, uGordon eNgilani wavelisa i-alternator enkulu enezigaba ezibini.Ngomnyaka we-1882, umFrentshi uGorand kunye neNgesi uJohn Gibbs bafumana ilungelo lobunikazi "Indlela yokuKhanya kunye noSasazo lwaMandla", kwaye baphuhlise ngempumelelo i-transformer yokuqala enexabiso elisebenzayo.ezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo.Kamva, i-Westinghouse yaphucula ukwakhiwa kwe-transformer ye-Gibbs, eyenza i-transformer kunye nokusebenza kwanamhlanje.Ngomnyaka we-1891, uBlow wenza i-oyile entywiliselwa kwi-oyile ephezulu eSwitzerland, kwaye kamva yavelisa isiguquli esinevoltage enkulu.Umgama omde we-high-voltage we-AC ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kuye kwenza inkqubela phambili enkulu ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweenguqu.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yophuhliso, ithiyori yemoto ngokwayo sele ikhulile.Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso lobunjineli bombane, isayensi yekhompyuter kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula, ukuphuhliswa kwemoto kungene kwinqanaba elitsha.Phakathi kwazo, uphuhliso lwemoto yokulawula isantya se-AC yeyona nto itsala amehlo, kodwa ayizange yaziwe kwaye isetyenziswe ixesha elide kuba iqatshelwa ngamacandelo esekethe kunye neeyunithi zoguqulo olujikelezayo, kwaye ukusebenza kolawulo akulunganga njenge. ukuba yolawulo isantya DC.
Emva kweminyaka yee-1970, emva kokuba kuqaliswe ukuguqulwa kombane we-elektroniki, iingxaki zokunciphisa izixhobo, ukunciphisa ubungakanani, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuphelisa ingxolo zaye zasonjululwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukulawulwa kwesantya se-AC kuphumelele ukutsibela phambili.Emva kokuqulunqwa kokulawulwa kwe-vector, ukusebenza kwe-static kunye nokuguquguqukayo kwenkqubo yokulawula isantya se-AC kuphuculwe.Emva kokwamkela ulawulo lwe-microcomputer, i-algorithm yokulawula i-vector iqondwa ngesoftware yokulinganisa isekethe ye-hardware, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka, kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi itekhnoloji yolawulo entsonkothileyo.Inkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo ye-electronics yamandla kunye neteknoloji yokulawula i-microcomputer ngamandla okuqhuba uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yokulawula isantya se-AC.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla, iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi zenze inkqubela enkulu.Iimotor kunye neejenereyitha ezisebenzisa izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwipropulsion yenqanawa ukuya kwiimpompo zegazi ezenziweyo zentliziyo.Iinjini ze-Superconducting sele zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kunye nokuqhubela phambili koololiwe be-maglev abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye neenqanawa.
Ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokwenziwa, iinjini ziveliswa ngamashumi amawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha, amanqanaba amandla obungakanani obahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwizigidi ezimbalwa ze watt ukuya ngaphezu kwe-1000MW), kunye nesantya esibanzi kakhulu.Uluhlu (ukusuka kwiintsuku ezininzi ukuya kumakhulu amawaka oguqulo ngomzuzu), ukuguquguquka kakhulu kokusingqongileyo (njengomhlaba othe tyaba, ithafa, umoya, ngaphantsi kwamanzi, i-oyile, indawo ebandayo, indawo enemozulu epholileyo, iitropiki ezimanzi, iitropiki ezomileyo, ngaphakathi, ngaphandle, iimoto. , iinqanawa, imidiya eyahlukeneyo, njl.njl.), ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nobomi bomntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-04-2023
